docker命令操作

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查看docker版本

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[root@hadoop01 ~]# docker -v
Docker version 19.03.3, build a872fc2f86

列出本机的所有 image 文件

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[root@hadoop01 ~]# docker images -a
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        9 months ago        1.84kB

运行容器

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[root@hadoop01 ~]# docker container run hello-world

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
......

结束容器

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[root@hadoop01 ~]# docker container kill [container_id]

注：通过 docker ps 可查看container_id

镜像相关的操作

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[root@hadoop01 koa-demos]# docker image --help
Usage:  docker image COMMAND
Manage images
Commands:
  build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
  history     Show the history of an image
  import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
  inspect     Display detailed information on one or more images
  load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
  ls          List images
  prune       Remove unused images
  pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry
  push        Push an image or a repository to a registry
  rm          Remove one or more images
  save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
  tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE

Run 'docker image COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

容器相关的操作

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[root@hadoop01 ~]# docker container --help
Usage:  docker container COMMAND
Manage containers
Commands:
  attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
  create      Create a new container
  diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
  exec        Run a command in a running container
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
  inspect     Display detailed information on one or more containers
  kill        Kill one or more running containers
  logs        Fetch the logs of a container
  ls          List containers
  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
  prune       Remove all stopped containers
  rename      Rename a container
  restart     Restart one or more containers
  rm          Remove one or more containers
  run         Run a command in a new container
  start       Start one or more stopped containers
  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
  stop        Stop one or more running containers
  top         Display the running processes of a container
  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
  update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes

Run 'docker container COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

示例

以 koa-demos 项目为例

  • 下载源代码

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    [root@hadoop01 ~]# git clone https://github.com/ruanyf/koa-demos.git
    [root@hadoop01 ~]# cd koa-demos

  • 编写 Dockerfile 文件

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    [root@hadoop01 ~]# mkdir .dockerignore

    添加.git、node_modules、npm-debug.log文件到.dockerignore.
    注：.dockerignore文件里的文件或目录在制作镜像时会默认忽略。

  • 编写Dockerfile文件

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    [root@hadoop01 ~]# mkdir Dockerfile
    增加以下内容：
    FROM node:8.4
    COPY . /app
    WORKDIR /app
    RUN npm install --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org
    EXPOSE 3000

    注：代码解释如下.
    From node:8.4    该image继承自官方的node image,冒号表示标签,这里表示8.4,即8.4版本的node.
    COPY . /app      将当前目录下的所有文件都拷贝到image文件的 /app 目录.
    WORKDIR /app     指定接下来的工作目录为 /app .
    RUN npm install  在/app目录下，运行npm install命令安装依赖。注意，安装后所有的依赖，都将打包进入image文件。
    EXPOSE 3000      将容器的3000端口暴露出来,允许外部连接这个端口.

  • 创建 image 文件

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    [root@hadoop01 koa-demos]# docker image build -t koa-demos:1.0.0 .

    ......
    Successfully built efb833bfa6dd
    Successfully tagged koa-demos:1.0.0

    注：
        -t   该参数用来指定image文件的名字,后面还可以用冒号指定标签,如果不指定,默认标签就是latest
        .    当前路径，表示Dockerfile文件所在的路径

  • 生成容器

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    [root@hadoop01 koa-demos]# docker container run -p 8000:3000 -it koa-demos:1.0.0 bash

    注：
        -p    容器的3000端口映射到本地的8000端口.
        -it   容器的shell会映射到当前本地的shell,你在本机窗口输入的命令会传入到容器中.
        koa-demo:1.0.0   image文件的名字:标签。
        /bin/bash        容器启动以后,容器内部第一个执行的命令.这里是启用Bash,以保证用户可以使用shell
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    [root@hadoop01 koa-demos]# docker container run --rm -p 8000:3000 -it koa-demo:1.0.0 /bin/bash

Reference

https://blog.csdn.net/itguangit/article/details/80222387

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